Therefore, her policies may be seen as desperate measures to keep the Valois monarchy on the throne at all costs and her patronage of the arts as an attempt to glorify a monarchy (whose prestige was in steep decline). In practice, her authority was always limited by the effects of the civil wars. Some historians have excused Catherine from blame for the worst decisions of the crown, though evidence for her ruthlessness can be found in her letters. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572, during which thousands of Huguenots were killed both in Paris and throughout France. In return, she came to be blamed for the persecutions carried out under her sons' rule, and in particular, for the St. Later she resorted (in frustration and anger) to hard-line policies against them. However, she failed to fully grasp the theological issues that drove their movement. At first, Catherine compromised and made concessions to the rebelling Calvinist Protestants, or Huguenots, as they became known. However, Catherine was able to maintain the monarchy and the state institutions functioning-even at a minimum level. The problems facing the monarchy were complex and daunting. He dispensed with her advice only in the last months of her life and outlived her by seven months.Ĭatherine's three sons reigned in an age of almost constant civil and religious war in France.
After Charles died in 1574, Catherine played a key role in the reign of her third son, Henry III. When Francis II died in 1560, she became regent on behalf of her 10-year-old son King Charles IX and was thus granted sweeping powers. Henry's death in 1559 thrust Catherine into the political arena as mother of the frail 15-year-old King Francis II. Henry excluded Catherine from participating in state affairs and instead showered favours on his chief mistress, Diane de Poitiers, who wielded much influence over him. Catherine's marriage was arranged by her uncle Pope Clement VII. In 1533 at the age of fourteen, Catherine married Henry, second son of King Francis I and Queen Claude of France. Ĭatherine was born in Florence to Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne. The years during which her sons reigned have been called "the age of Catherine de' Medici" as she had extensive, if at times varying, influence in the political life of France. She was Queen of France from 1547 until 1559, by marriage to King Henry II, and mother of French kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. All interior and exterior furnishings are included in this sale.Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' MediciĬatherine de' Medici ( Italian: Caterina de' Medici, pronounced French: Catherine de Médicis, pronounced 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Italian noblewoman born into the Medici family. Additionally, the garage features polished concrete floors and AC, and glass doors opening directly to the pool allowing for additional entertainment space.
FREE GAY CHAT ROOM SAN CLEMENTE WINDOWS
Newer dual-glazed windows and doors throughout. Professionally desertscaped grounds feature a pool, fire-pit, and hammocks for lounging all framed by westerly mountain views.
FREE GAY CHAT ROOM SAN CLEMENTE FULL
The third bedroom has been opened to create a cozy den with a seamless connection to the dining and living room taking full advantage of a wall of glass opening to the generous terrace. The individual bathrooms include upgrades with contemporary cabinetry, fixtures and a mix of vintage and custom tile. The galley kitchen includes contemporary cabinetry and appliances, quartz countertops and designer tile and fixtures. The living room features a classic floating Malm fireplace that adds a period silhouette and offers a warm inviting place to gather. The interiors have a relaxed composition of polished concrete floors and the clean uncluttered decor is a curated eclectic mix of vintage paired with contemporary accents. Published in the July 2018 issue of Sunset magazine and located in the coveted Racquet Club neighborhood, this classic Meiselman post and beam has a casual sophisticated vibe.